Qiji Chemical
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1,3-Dibromobenzene

Qiji Chemical

1,3-Dibromobenzene
Specifications

HS Code

569072

Chemical Formula C6H4Br2
Molecular Weight 235.903 g/mol
Appearance Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor Characteristic aromatic odor
Density 1.985 g/cm³ (at 20 °C)
Boiling Point 218 - 220 °C
Melting Point -7 °C
Solubility In Water Insoluble
Solubility In Organic Solvents Soluble in common organic solvents like ethanol, ether
Flash Point 96 °C
Vapor Pressure 0.13 kPa (20 °C)
Packing & Storage
Packing 1,3 - Dibromobenzene packaged in 500 - gram bottles for chemical use.
Storage 1,3 - Dibromobenzene should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep it in a tightly sealed container, preferably made of corrosion - resistant materials. Store it separately from oxidizing agents and reactive chemicals to prevent potential reactions. Ensure the storage area has proper spill - containment measures in case of leaks.
Shipping 1,3 - Dibromobenzene is shipped in well - sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. It must comply with hazardous chemical shipping regulations, ensuring proper labeling, secure packaging to prevent leakage during transit.
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1,3-Dibromobenzene 1,3-Dibromobenzene
General Information
Historical Development
1,3-Dibromobenzene is also a product of chemistry. Looking back at its historical development, chemists in the past studied this way, but at the beginning, the understanding was still shallow, and its preparation and properties were difficult to explore. However, many scholars worked hard, and after repeated trials, they gradually understood the method of its synthesis.
Began with simple raw materials, according to the principle of chemistry, ingenious synthesis, although the initial yield is not high, but the direction is set. With the passage of time, technology has advanced, and the control of reaction conditions has become more refined, from reaction temperature and pressure to catalyst selection, all have been optimized. People have brainstormed and improved the process, so that the output of 1,3-dibromobenzene has gradually enriched, and the study of properties has become more and more detailed. From this perspective, the development of chemical products is the result of the unremitting exploration of predecessors, and the achievement of accumulating small steps to reach a thousand miles.
Product Overview
1,3-Dibromobenzene is one of the organic compounds. It is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a special odor. It is widely used in the field of organic synthesis and is often used as an intermediate to prepare various fine chemicals.
The synthesis of 1,3-dibromobenzene can be obtained by bromination with benzene as the starting material. In the presence of an appropriate catalyst, benzene and bromine undergo a substitution reaction, and bromine atoms can be selectively introduced at the 1,3 positions of the benzene ring. This synthesis process requires precise control of reaction conditions, such as temperature, reactant ratio and reaction time, to improve the purity and yield of the product.
In terms of properties, 1,3-dibromobenzene has good chemical stability, but under specific conditions, bromine atoms can participate in a variety of chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions, metal catalytic coupling reactions, etc., to achieve molecular structure modification and functionalization, so as to meet the application needs of different fields. It has shown potential application value in materials science, medicinal chemistry and other fields, laying the foundation for many innovative studies.
Physical & Chemical Properties
1,3-Dibromobenzene is also an organic compound. It has unique physical and chemical properties. Looking at its physical properties, at room temperature, it is mostly colorless to light yellow liquid with a specific odor. Its boiling point is quite high, about 218-220 ° C, which allows it to vaporize under a certain temperature condition. The melting point is relatively low, about -21 ° C, indicating that it is solid in a low temperature environment.
In terms of its chemical properties, the existence of the benzene ring gives it aromaticity and its properties are relatively stable. However, the substitution of bromine atoms makes it active. Electrophilic substitution reactions can occur, such as co-heating with mixed acids of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and bromine atoms can be replaced by nitro groups. And because of its electronegativity, bromine atoms can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions. Under appropriate reagents and conditions, bromine atoms can be replaced by other groups, which has considerable application value in the field of organic synthesis.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
Technical Specifications and Labeling of 1,3-Dibromobenzene (Product Parameters)
If you want to make 1,3-dibromobenzene, choose the first raw material. It is necessary to carefully select high-purity benzene, the impurities must be less than one thousandth, and the bromine should also be pure, and the content should reach more than 99.5%.
The preparation method is suitable for catalytic bromination. In a special reactor, put benzene and bromine in a molar ratio of 1:2.5. Add an appropriate amount of iron filings as a catalyst, and the amount of iron filings is 1% of the mass of benzene. The temperature control is at 60-70 degrees Celsius, and this temperature range can ensure a smooth and efficient reaction. The reaction time is about 3 hours, during which close observation, when the color of the reaction liquid changes from light to dark and no obvious bromine gas escapes, it is regarded as the end of the reaction.
After the reaction is completed, it is purified by distillation. The unreacted benzene and bromine are first steamed under normal pressure, and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 1,3-dibromobenzene, and the fraction with a boiling point of 218-220 degrees Celsius (2.67kPa) is collected.
The label of the finished product should be clearly marked with "1,3-dibromobenzene" on the outside of the package, and its molecular formula is C H Br -2, molecular weight is 235.91. It also shows the dangerous logo, because it is irritating, it is protected from touching the skin and eyes, and is stored in a cool and ventilated place.
Preparation Method
For 1,3-dibromobenzene, the preparation method is related to the raw materials and production process, reaction steps, and catalytic mechanism. The details are as follows:
The raw materials should be selected from benzene and bromine. First, the benzene is added to the reaction kettle, and iron powder or iron tribromide is used as the catalyst. Bromine is slow in and its rate is controlled. Because the reaction is exothermic, it is difficult to control the overspeed.
Reaction steps: Bromine and benzene are catalyzed to form an active intermediate first, and then rearranged to obtain 1,3-dibromobenzene. In this case, the ratio of temperature to reactant is critical. The temperature is about 30-50 degrees Celsius, and the molar ratio of benzene to bromine is about 1:2.2, which can increase the yield.
Catalytic mechanism: Iron or iron tribromide polarizes bromine, bromine cations attack the benzene ring electrophilically, pass through π complex, form sigma complex, and then lose protons to obtain products. In this way, 1,3-dibromobenzene can be obtained.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Recent research on chemical substances has been much investigated in the reaction and modification of 1,3-dibromobenzene. 1,3-dibromobenzene is also a commonly used raw material for organic synthesis. Its chemical properties are active and can participate in many reactions.
The method of the past mostly uses conventional reagents to initiate reactions, but the yield and purity can be improved. We have been studying it for a long time and want to improve it. After many attempts, we used a new catalyst to enter it, and it worked wonders. The reaction rate was greatly increased, and the purity of the product was also significantly improved.
Looking at this change, it is really a wonder of chemical modification. It not only improves the quality of 1,3-dibromobenzene products, but also paves the way for subsequent related research and applications. This change has made 1,3-dibromobenzene more widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical and other fields.
Synonyms & Product Names
For 1,3-dibromobenzene, the chemical product is also used. This product has a name and a trade name. The name of the product refers to the same thing as its real name. The trade name is not used in the past.
1,3-dibromobenzene, in the field of chemical research, the name or its specific characteristics and characteristics are derived to help researchers clearly distinguish. In the field of commercial circulation, the trade name pays more attention to the ease of use and characteristics, so as to facilitate the sale.
The chemical product has a variety of names, and the trade name is not the same, but all refer to this 1,3-dibromobenzene. Researchers clearly identify its name, which is convenient for communication and literature investigation; businesspeople know its business name, so that they can benefit. Therefore, the name and trade name of 1,3-dibromobenzene are important for the research and development of chemicals.
Safety & Operational Standards
1,3-Dibromobenzene is an important chemical compound in chemical research. During its experimental preparation and research, safety and operating standards are of paramount importance.
When preparing 1,3-dibromobenzene, the safety of the experimental environment is the first priority. The laboratory must be well ventilated to prevent the accumulation of harmful gases. All instruments used should be clean and dry to avoid impurities from mixing and affecting the purity of the product.
During operation, the raw materials must be taken accurately. Bromine is highly corrosive and volatile. When taking it, use it carefully in a fume hood. Wear protective gloves and goggles to prevent the bromine liquid from contacting the skin and eyes. If it comes into contact accidentally, rinse with plenty of water immediately and seek medical attention in time.
The reaction process requires strict control of temperature and reaction time. If the temperature is too high or the reaction time is too long, side reactions may occur and the yield and purity of the product will be reduced. On the contrary, if the temperature is too low or the time is too short, the reaction will be incomplete.
The separation and purification of the product should not be underestimated. Distillation, extraction and other methods are often used, and the corresponding specifications are followed during operation. Pay attention to the airtightness of the device and the heating temperature during distillation; choose the right extractant during extraction, and pay attention to the layering and liquid separation operation.
Store 1,3-dibromobenzene in a cool, dry and ventilated place, away from ignition sources and oxidants. Its packaging should be well sealed to prevent leakage.
In conclusion, throughout the research and preparation of 1,3-dibromobenzene, safety and operating standards must be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment, ensure the safety of the experimenter, and obtain high-quality products.
Application Area
1,3-Dibromobenzene is also a chemical product. Its application field is quite wide. In the field of medicine, it can be the base material for synthesizing special and good medicines. In ancient times, doctors often sought delicate medicines to treat diseases, but now 1,3-dibromobenzene can help. For example, in the manufacture of a certain type of antibacterial medicine, with its unique structure, it can accurately act on bacteria and achieve the effect of treating diseases.
In the material industry, it also has its use. It can be used as a raw material for synthesizing special polymer materials. In the past, people wanted to obtain tough and durable materials, but now it can be used as a reference, or it can be used as a new material for equipment and construction to increase its strength. Furthermore, in the path of scientific research and exploration, it is a key reagent for organic synthesis. Scientists are like ancient sorcerers seeking enlightenment, using 1,3-dibromobenzene as a device to explore the unknown chemical world, hoping to obtain new methods and benefit the world.
Research & Development
In recent years, I have been in the field of chemistry, focusing on the genus 1,3-dibromobenzene. This substance has a wide range of uses, and it has its uses in medicine and materials.
At the beginning, I explored the method of its synthesis. After repeated trials, I obtained several ways. However, each way has advantages and disadvantages, or the raw materials are rare, or the steps are cumbersome, or the yield is not good. I tried my best to think of optimization strategies.
Then, observe the reaction characteristics and observe the influence of conditions in detail. Temperature, pressure, and catalyst are all studied in detail. It is hoped that precise regulation will make the reaction smooth and the product pure.
As for the expansion of applications, there are also plans. In order to make it stand out in emerging materials and contribute to the development of the industry. Although there is a long way to go, I am committed to the heart of research and determined to move forward, hoping to make progress in the research and development of 1,3-dibromobenzene, promote its wide application, and benefit the world.
Toxicity Research
Study on the toxicity of 1,3-dibromobenzene
The toxicity of 1,3-dibromobenzene is related to everyone's health and environmental safety, and it is a matter of great importance.
1,3-dibromobenzene has a colorless appearance to a light yellow liquid with a special odor. It enters the organism or is ingested through respiration, skin contact and diet. In the body, it may interfere with normal physiological functions.
Animal experiments show that long-term exposure to this substance may damage the liver and kidneys. The liver is a metabolic hub, and if it is damaged, the metabolism will be disturbed; the kidneys excrete it, and if it is injured, the toxins will be difficult to excrete. And this substance may be reproductive toxic, affecting reproductive cells and endangering reproduction.
In the environment, 1,3-dibromobenzene is not easy to degrade, accumulating in soil and water bodies, causing harm to the ecology. Aquatic organisms bear the brunt, or cause population changes and disrupt ecological balance.
In summary, the toxicity of 1,3-dibromobenzene cannot be underestimated. In the future, its toxicological mechanism should be investigated to find effective prevention and control measures to ensure the safety of humans and the environment.
Future Prospects
The future is about 1,3-dibromobenzene, and my heart is full of expectations. This compound has unique characteristics and has infinite potential in various fields of chemical industry.
Looking at today's world, science and technology are changing day by day, and the way of chemical industry is also seeking refinement. 1,3-dibromobenzene may be used to create new materials, which are strong and durable, add bricks and stones to buildings, and increase the lifespan of equipment. It is also expected to be a good prescription for the world in the way of medicine, and treat human diseases.
Chemical researchers of our generation should have lofty ambitions, poor truth, and explore the unknown. It is hoped that with unremitting research, 1,3-dibromobenzene will shine in the future, seek well-being for the world, and add brilliance to the universe. In this way, it will live up to the mission of scientific research and see the bright future.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main uses of 1,3-dibromobenzene?
Dimercaptopropanol is a good antidote, and its main function is to treat metal and metalloid poisoning.
Watching the poisons in the world, once many metals and metalloids invade the human body, they will wreak havoc like bandits, disturbing qi and blood, and harming the organs. And dimercaptopropanol is like a heroic guardian. With its unique chemical structure and characteristics, it can closely combine with metal or metalloid ions that invade the human body. This combination is strong and stable, like putting shackles on poisons, so that they can no longer act recklessly in the body, thereby preventing the poison from destroying the normal physiological functions of the human body.
Take the common mercury poisoning as an example. The mercury poison enters the body, flows through the meridians, damages the brain and the kidneys, and patients often experience tremors, mental abnormalities, and renal failure. At this time, dimercaptopropanol is administered, and its molecules quickly rush to the place where the mercury ions are located, embrace and combine with it, and generate stable compounds that can be excreted by the human body. It is excreted from the body through urine and other channels, so that the mercury toxicity in the patient's body gradually disappears, and the physical diseases are also relieved.
Another example is lead poisoning, where lead pathogens accumulate in the body, disturbing the mind, causing abdominal pain, anemia, etc. Dimercaptopropanol can also play a big role, ingeniously combining with lead ions to help the human body get rid of lead poisoning and restore health.
In addition to mercury and lead, metals or metalloids such as arsenic and bismuth are poisoned, and dimercaptopropanol can exert its detoxification ability. It has made outstanding achievements in saving lives and restoring people's health. It is actually a weapon for doctors to fight metal and metalloid poisoning.
What are the physical properties of 1,3-dibromobenzene?
The second reason is that the nature is fierce and good at catching, and its physical rationality can be described.
Its feathers are soft and warm, and the hard feathers are stiff and have good air force. This feather is made so that it can travel well, can fly by force, and can be operated freely, or is as fast as a arrow, or swirls in the air, all of which are the physical characteristics of the feather. Its wingspan is small, and the airfoil surface is large. According to the principle of flow force, it can generate sufficient lift to support its body in the air.
Furthermore, its claws are sharp and hard, just like the claws. This claw has a large grip, which can catch the body and quickly catch the object, so that the object can escape. The generation of this grip is due to the combination of the shape of the claw and the strength of the muscles. According to the physical principle of friction, it can firmly grasp the object.
The eyes are exquisitely made, capable of capturing the direction of the object, and the eyesight of ordinary people. Due to the characteristics of the crystals and membranes of the eyes, the light can be effectively focused, and the clarity of the eye can be improved. According to the principle of light, it can be seen from a distance.
Its beak is hard and curved, and its shape is like a profit. For predators, it can easily tear the skin of the object. This is because the material of the beak is hard, and the shape of the curve is conducive to applying force, which is in line with the principle of force. The power can be concentrated in one place, so as to achieve the purpose of efficient predation.
In other words, the physical properties of each part of the two parts are in line with their instincts of survival and capture. Heavenly creation is wonderful.
What are the chemical properties of 1,3-dibromobenzene?
The properties of the two ointments can be investigated. This ointment is an ancient good ointment and is used for diseases. Its properties may vary due to the combination of the ingredients contained.
In the two ointments, each has its own properties. For example, if the two ointments are soluble in water, or partially soluble in water, and partially floating on water, each has its own properties. Add, or, or, its taste is also. Its transformation and reversal, depending on what you encounter. In case of acid, or neutralization; in case of, there are also related effects.
And the properties of the two ointments, in different environments, also have different properties. In a dry environment, it is easy to dry, and its shape and shape are all different; in a dry environment, it is easy to absorb moisture, or cause changes in its properties. Illumination, or the introduction of anti-oxidation, makes the color and taste all the same.
The ingredients it contains are both rich and rich. There are rich ingredients, many of which are carbon-rich, and its chemical activity is low, making it easy to combine with others. The ingredients, or gold, have their properties, and the active ones also have them. The combination of the two makes the properties of the two ointments beautiful and delicate.
However, if you want to know the transformative properties of the second ointment, you must use the method of transfiguration instead, analyze its ingredients, and observe its inverse properties. However, in ancient times, this method of refinement can also be used to know its approximate nature, which can be used to cure diseases and save people, and can be used as the crystal of wisdom.
What are the methods for preparing 1,3-dibromobenzene?
In the second place, there is a good way to study the tools. If you want to make a good tool, the first thing to do is to make a good material. Only with good quality can you make a good product. The color selection is not uniform, and the density of the ground is not low, and it is necessary to wash and wash the essence many times. Only then can you get the materials that can be used.
The second time is in the control of the fire. The fire is raging, and it must be high-quality. If the fire is small, it will be formed by flow; if the fire is large, it will be easy to make, and the things that are brittle will not be broken. Therefore, those who hold the fire do not have the ability to observe the heat, such as the color of the flame and the melting of the fire, so that the fire is weak, so that the materials can be melted properly.
Furthermore, the system of the mold is also good. The mold is well-carved and cut, the size is fine, and the shape is perfect. According to the object, or square or square, or there is a problem, it must be perfectly presented in the mold. The material of mold making is also exquisite, and the clay mold is highly resistant and does not crack. The stone mold needs to be hard and easy to carve.
When it is made, it is melted and injected into the mold. It must be done properly when it is made, and it cannot be rushed to prevent the bubble from surviving and affecting the ground. Wait for water-cooled molding, knock the mold, take out the mold, and then polish and trim it to remove its burrs, so that the surface is smooth and the square is formed.
Of course, the two tools, material, fire, mold, repair, and repair are interlocked, and none of them are indispensable. Craftsman attentively, can make a fine tool for civilian use, or into a treasure.
What should I pay attention to when storing and transporting 1,3-dibromobenzene?
The second incense is hidden in the warehouse.
First, pay attention to the following things:
One, be careful where it is hidden. Second, the fragrance likes to be refreshing and dry, so it should be placed in a place where it can be passed through, and it must not be placed in a place where the tide is inflamed. If it is hidden in a place where the tide is, the incense is easily susceptible to moisture and mildew, and the incense is not used. If it is in a place where the flame is high, the ingredients of the incense are easy to dissipate, and the amount of incense is also greatly reduced.
Second, pay attention to the method of hiding. It is appropriate to store the two incense in a dense container, which can prevent the incense from dissipating, and can also prevent the invasion of the outside world. And the material of the container is also considered, and it is not possible to use the material of incense initiation and reaction, so as not to affect the characteristics of incense.
Third, if it is too expensive, it must be properly wrapped. Second, the fragrant land is fragile, and it is easy to be damaged by shocks and collisions on the way. Therefore, it is necessary to pack it with soft and effective materials, such as dried grass and cloth, so that the incense can be protected from strong shocks and collisions in the process.
Fourth, control the environment of the environment. The degree of resistance is also very important, and it should be kept at the appropriate level. Phase measures can be taken, such as using refrigeration to control the environment, or setting Qianzhai to control the environment, to ensure that the second incense is not affected by the poor environment on the way, and to maintain its original fragrance.