What are the chemical properties of 3-bromochlorobenzene?
3-% oxidation, also high temperature, fire, harsh, is a humid. Its transformation properties are as follows:
- ** Acid production and reaction: It can react to general acids and generate water. Taking acid as an example, its inverse equation is: $NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H_2O $. This reaction is rapid and strong, and a large amount of energy is released at the same time.
- ** Acid oxide reaction **: It can react to acid oxides such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Such as carbon dioxide inverse, a small amount of carbon dioxide, will generate carbonated water, inverse formula: $2NaOH + CO_2 = Na_2CO_3 + H_2O $; if the amount of carbon dioxide is low, it will generate carbonated water, inverse formula: $NaOH + CO_2 = NaHCO_3 $.
- ** Some inverse solutions can be decomposed and reversed. For example, the solution of sulfuric acid can be reversed to generate oxidized sulfuric acid. The inverse equation is: $2NaOH + CuSO_4 = Cu (OH) _2? + Na_2SO_4 $.
- ** Make the indicator color **: Its aqueous solution is high-quality, and it can make purple litmus liquid, so that the color phenolphthalein liquid is low. This is a commonly used method for soaps.
- ** Saponification Reverse **: In the saponification process, oxidation can cause the saponification of oils and fats to generate high-fat glycerol. High-fat fatty acids are the main ingredients of soap in daily life. This is very useful in the field of soap production.
What are the common uses of 3-bromochlorobenzene?
3-% acid borax, the use of, in the field of work,, are useful.
In the field of work, it can be used as a melting aid for gold welding. Gold welding, often oxides on the surface, resistance to welding. 3-% acid borax decomposes in case of, the boric anhydride can be oxidized on the surface of gold to form fusible borosilicate, clear gold surface, make welding easier, improve the amount of welding.
way, it has the ability to disinfect and prevent corrosion. With mouthwash, it can clear oral cavity, pathogens, stomatitis, pharyngitis and other inflammation has a solution effect. Because borax multi bacteria and fungi have inhibitory effects, and 3-% acid borax degree is appropriate, little irritation, oral mucosa use.
In the context of chemistry, it is a commonly used acid titration basis. Because of its properties, it is not easy to be affected by moisture and carbon dioxide in the air, and the molecular weight is large, and the difference in weight is small. With 3-% acid borax solution, it can be used to titrate acids or solutions of unknown strength. According to the reaction quantity, the degree of accuracy is determined, and the analysis of chemistry provides reliable performance.
In addition, in some chemical synthesis reactions, 3-% acid borax can be used as a catalyst or catalyst. As a catalyst, it can reduce the activation energy of the reaction and speed up the reaction rate. As a catalyst, it can be used to determine the degree of anti-acid, and it can be used to protect the reaction. It is beneficial in the direction of the reaction period, and plays an important role in the field of chemical synthesis.
What are the synthesis methods of 3-bromochlorobenzene?
There are many synthetic methods of 3-bromobromobenzene, and several of them are common.
One is the bromination method of benzene. Benzene is used as the raw material, and iron bromide is used as the catalyst to react with liquid bromine. The reaction formula is: $C_ {6} H_ {6} + Br_ {2}\ xrightarrow [] {FeBr_ {3}} C_ {6} H_ {5} Br + HBr $. First, benzene and a small amount of iron filings are placed in a flask, and then liquid bromine is slowly added dropwise. In this reaction, the iron filings react with bromine to form iron bromide, which triggers the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring by bromine atoms. The raw materials of this method are easy to obtain and the operation is relatively simple. However, the reaction conditions need to be precisely controlled, otherwise there will be many side reactions and the yield will be affected.
The second is the Grignard reagent method. First, ethyl magnesium bromide (Grignard reagent) is prepared by bromoethane and magnesium in anhydrous ether, that is, $C_ {2} H_ {5} Br + Mg\ xrightarrow [] {anhydrous ether} C_ {2} H_ {5} MgBr $. Then let it react with bromobenzene to obtain 3-bromobenzene. This process needs to be carried out in an anhydrous and anaerobic environment, because Grignard reagent is easy to decompose in contact with water and oxygen. This method is slightly complicated, but it can precisely control the reaction check point, which is conducive to obtaining high-purity products.
The third is the aryl diazonium salt method. The diazonium salt is first prepared from aniline. For example, aniline reacts with sodium nitrite at low temperature in hydrochloric acid medium to obtain diazobenzene chloride, $C_ {6} H_ {5} NH_ {2} + NaNO_ {2} + 2HCl\ xrightarrow [] {0 - 5 ^ {\ circ} C} C_ {6} H_ {5} N_ {2} Cl + NaCl + 2H_ {2} O $. Next, the diazonium salt reacts with cuprous bromide, and the diazonium group is replaced by a bromine atom to generate 3-bromobromobenzene. The reaction conditions of this method are mild, which can avoid complex side reactions caused by high temperature, but the stability of diazonium salts is not good, and the preparation and use need to be timely and cautious.
All this synthesis method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, when considering the availability of raw materials, product purity requirements, cost and many other factors, choose the good one and use it.
What are the precautions for 3-bromochlorobenzene during storage and transportation?
3 - Potassium cyanide is a highly toxic substance, and it needs to be treated with caution in many aspects during storage and transportation.
When storing it, choose a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. This is because potassium cyanide is easily deliquescent, humid environment or cause it to deteriorate, which affects the nature and purity. And it must be kept away from fire and heat sources, and it is easy to decompose and release highly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas due to heat. In addition, it should be stored separately from acids and edible chemicals, and must not be mixed. When the edge acid meets potassium cyanide, it will react quickly, releasing highly toxic hydrogen cyanide, endangering the safety of the surrounding area. The storage place also needs to be equipped with suitable containment materials to prevent timely disposal in case of leakage.
The stability and tightness of the first package during transportation. Packaging containers that meet relevant standards must be used to ensure that they are not damaged or leaked during transportation. Transportation vehicles should also be equipped with good ventilation equipment to reduce the risk of toxic gas accumulation in the event of leakage. Transportation personnel need to be professionally trained and familiar with the dangerous characteristics of potassium cyanide and emergency treatment methods. During driving, avoid high temperature periods and high temperature areas to prevent danger caused by rising temperatures. It is strictly forbidden to take unrelated personnel during transportation, and it is not allowed to stop in densely populated areas or important places. In the event of a leak, the surrounding people should be evacuated immediately, emergency plans should be activated, and professional personnel should wear protective equipment to deal with it. Do not panic to avoid greater harm.
What are the effects of 3-bromochlorobenzene on the environment and human health?
3 - Mercury cyanide has a profound impact on the environment and human health.
Mercury is the most important toxicant, and mercury cyanide also suffers from its harm. At the end of the environment, if mercury cyanide is exposed to nature and enters the soil, the activity of microorganisms in the soil is blocked, which disrupts the balance of soil life, reduces fertility, and affects the growth and development of crops. And it can be washed by rain and flow into rivers, lakes and other waters. If the water contains mercury cyanide, aquatic organisms are the first to lose their health. For example, it is enriched in the water, destroying its physiological function, or causing deformity and death. And phytoplankton such as algae are also affected, and their photosynthesis and reproduction are destroyed, which destroys the aquatic food.
When it comes to human health, if a person breathes, eats or exposes the skin to mercury cyanide, it is harmful. Mercury enters the human body, and it is easy to affect the vital organs such as the body, liver, and body. In the body, it can dry the mind and release the body, causing the mental system to be chaotic, and the common symptoms include pain, insomnia, and fatigue. In severe cases, it may cause mental disorders or mental disorders. It also escapes its harm, which can damage the globules and tubules, induce proteinuria, and functional failure. In addition, the exposure of mercury cyanide in the stage will weaken the human immune function, making people more susceptible to various diseases, such as respiratory tract infections, gastric tract diseases, etc., which will affect the life and health of the people.