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1-Bromopentane

Qiji Chemical

1-Bromopentane
Specifications

HS Code

903347

Chemical Formula C5H11Br
Molar Mass 151.044 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Characteristic odor
Density 1.218 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Boiling Point 129 - 130 °C
Melting Point -95 °C
Solubility In Water Insoluble
Solubility In Organic Solvents Soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform etc.
Flash Point 31 °C
Packing & Storage
Packing 1 - Bromopentane packaged in 500 - mL glass bottles, each containing 400 mL.
Storage 1 - Bromopentane should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames as it is flammable. Keep it in a tightly sealed container to prevent vapor release. Store it separately from oxidizing agents and strong bases to avoid chemical reactions. Ensure the storage location has proper spill - containment measures.
Shipping 1 - Bromopentane is shipped in tightly - sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. It's classified as a hazardous chemical, so shipments follow strict regulations, ensuring proper handling to prevent spills and maintain safety during transit.
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1-Bromopentane 1-Bromopentane
General Information
Historical Development
1 - Bromopentane is an organic compound. The method of its preparation has undergone changes. In the past, the preparation of this compound was complicated and inefficient.
In the early days, chemists tried to obtain it in a variety of halogenation methods, but it was often accompanied by side reactions, resulting in impure products. After continuous research, it was found that the reaction of pentanol with hydrobromic acid can improve the yield and purity. The reaction conditions are gradually optimized, and the choice of temperature and catalyst is exquisite.
With the passage of time, the technology continues to improve. The development of new catalysts makes the reaction milder, reduces energy consumption, and is more environmentally friendly. Nowadays, the preparation process of 1-Bromopentane is quite mature and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis, promoting the development of the chemical industry.
Product Overview
1 - Bromopentane is an organic compound. It is a colorless and transparent liquid with a special odor. The molecular structure of this compound contains an amyl group connected to a bromine atom.
The preparation method is often obtained by the substitution reaction of pentanol and hydrobromic acid. Under appropriate reaction conditions, the hydroxyl group of pentanol is replaced by a bromine atom to form 1 - Bromopentane.
1 - Bromopentane has a wide range of uses and is often used as an alkylating agent in the field of organic synthesis. It can be introduced into other compound molecules to prepare various organic products. It is also used in the synthesis of medicine and pesticides, and is an important intermediate.
Its physical properties, suitable boiling point, slightly higher density than water. Chemically active, can react with a variety of reagents, such as nucleophilic substitution, elimination reactions, etc., all due to the activity of its bromine atoms.
Physical & Chemical Properties
1 - Bromopentane, organic compounds are also. Its physical properties, at room temperature and pressure as a colorless liquid, with a special odor, smaller density than water, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, etc. Its boiling point is about 129 - 130 ℃, the melting point is about -95 ℃.
On its chemical properties, 1 - Bromopentane bromine atom activity is higher. Nucleophilic substitution reaction can occur, such as co-heating with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, bromine atom is replaced by hydroxyl group, to produce 1 - pentanol; reaction with sodium cyanide in an appropriate solvent, bromine atom is replaced by cyanide group, the product can be hydrolyzed to obtain hexanoic acid. In addition, 1-Bromopentane can eliminate hydrogen bromide to form pentene in strong alkali alcohol solution. This compound is widely used in the field of organic synthesis and can be used as an intermediate to prepare a variety of compounds containing pentyl structures.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
1 - Bromopentane is an organic compound, and its preparation and standard identification are very important in chemical research. Its preparation often follows the method of nucleophilic substitution, using pentanol and hydrobromic acid as raw materials and co-heating under the catalysis of sulfuric acid. The reaction formula is as follows: $C_ {5} H_ {11} OH + HBr\ xrightarrow {H_ {2} SO_ {4}} C_ {5} H_ {11} Br + H_ {2} O $.
The identification of the product, the first physical properties. 1 - Bromopentane is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of about 129-130 ° C and a relative density of 1.218 (20/4 ° C). It can be preliminarily determined by boiling point measurement and density measurement.
Furthermore, spectral analysis is the key means. In the infrared spectrum, the C-Br bond has a characteristic absorption peak at 690-515 cm. In the hydrogen NMR spectrum, the hydrogen of the pentyl group shows a specific chemical shift and split pattern according to the chemical environment, which can help confirm the structure. Through these methods, 1-Bromopentane can be accurately determined and the product meets the requirements of quality specifications and commercial parameters.
Preparation Method
1 - Bromopentane is 1-bromopentane. The following is a paragraph written in ancient form about the preparation method of 1-bromopentane (raw materials and production process, reaction steps, catalytic mechanism):
To prepare 1 - Bromopentane, pentanol and hydrobromic acid are often used as raw materials. The method is to take an appropriate amount of pentanol first, put it in a clean vessel, gradually add hydrobromic acid, and then add sulfuric acid to catalyze. Sulfuric acid can promote the speed of the reaction, change its path, and reduce the energy of activation. This is the mechanism of catalysis.
When reacting, control the temperature appropriately, and do not overheat or overcool. The hydroxyl group of pentanol and the bromide ion of hydrobromic acid are intertwined, and the reaction goes through several steps: initially, the hydroxyl group is protonated, which is easy to be a good leaving group; then the bromide ion attacks nucleophilic and leaves the water to obtain 1-Bromopentane.
After the reaction is completed, the product is purified by fractionation. The unreacted raw materials are first removed, and then the fraction where 1-Bromopentane is located is collected to obtain a pure product. This preparation method, according to the principle of chemistry, follows a strict order to obtain the desired product.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Today there is a chemical thing called 1-Bromopentane, and its chemical reaction and modification are studied by our generation. This compound is quite useful in organic synthesis.
Looking at its reaction, the halogen atom is easily replaced by other groups in the way of nucleophilic substitution. However, its nature is inherent, or it may encounter obstacles, causing the reaction to be unsatisfactory. If you want to change it, you must think of a good plan.
You can try the method of catalysis, and use a suitable catalyst to promote its reaction speed and purity. Or adjust the reaction environment, such as temperature, pressure, and solvent, to get better results. Through this study, I hope to improve its chemical reaction, expand its application field, and contribute to the chemical industry, in order to achieve a state of refinement.
Synonyms & Product Names
1 - Bromopentane, Chinese name 1 - bromopentane, is a commonly used raw material in organic synthesis. Its synonyms and trade names are also called by many names in the industry.
In the past, organic chemistry was first developed, and chemists were dedicated to the analysis and naming of substances. At that time, the naming rules gradually became a system, but the same substance was often called differently due to differences in regions and habits. 1 - Bromopentane is no exception. In addition to its scientific name, it is also synonymous with n-amyl bromide. This "n-amyl bromide" is named because the amyl group in its structure is a straight chain, and the bromine atom is connected to the chain end.
As for the trade name, it may have a unique name due to the consideration of marketing and product characteristics of each merchant. However, it all refers to this 1-bromopentane. In chemical transactions and scientific research experiments, it is essential to clarify its synonyms and trade names to avoid miscommunication and ensure a smooth process.
Safety & Operational Standards
1 - Bromopentane is an organic compound that is occasionally used in chemical experiments and industrial production. However, it has certain hazards, so safety and operating standards are extremely important when using it.
In terms of safety, 1 - Bromopentane is flammable and can be burned in case of open flame or hot topic. When storing, it should be placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37 ° C. Keep the container sealed. And it should be stored separately from oxidizing agents, acids and alkalis, and should not be mixed. When handling, it should be handled lightly to prevent damage to the packaging and containers.
In terms of operating specifications, experimental personnel need to undergo special training and strictly abide by the operating procedures. It is recommended to wear a self-priming filter gas mask (half mask), wear chemical safety protective glasses, wear anti-poison infiltration work clothes, and wear rubber oil-resistant gloves during operation. During use, ensure that the workplace is well ventilated and away from flammable and combustible materials. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. If you are in careless contact, you should immediately rinse with a lot of flowing water and seek medical attention in time.
In addition, when 1 - Bromopentane leaks, you should quickly evacuate the personnel in the contaminated area of the leak to the safe area, and isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the fire source, and emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-gas clothing. Cut off the source of the leak as much as possible to prevent it from flowing into the restricted space such as sewers and flood drains. Small leaks are adsorbed or absorbed by sand or other non-combustible materials, and can also be rinsed with a large amount of water, diluted with washing water and placed in the wastewater system. Large leaks are built into embankments or dug for containment, covered with foam to reduce vapor disasters, and transferred to tankers or special collectors with explosion-proof pumps for recycling or transportation to waste disposal sites.
In short, the use of 1 - Bromopentane must strictly abide by safety and operating standards, so as to ensure the safety of personnel and the smooth progress of experiments and production.
Application Area
1 - Bromopentane, organic halogenated hydrocarbons are also. Its application field is quite wide. In the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key intermediate. It can be derived from a variety of compounds by nucleophilic substitution reaction and many nucleophilic reagents.
In the field of pharmaceutical research and development, this compound also has its uses. Through a specific reaction path, or can participate in the synthesis of molecules with specific pharmacological activities, it can contribute to the creation of new drugs.
In the field of materials science, 1 - Bromopentane may help to prepare materials with special properties. After appropriate reaction, the material is endowed with unique structure and properties, such as improving the solubility and stability of the material.
All these show that 1 - Bromopentane has important value in many application fields and provides many possibilities for the development of chemical research and related industries.
Research & Development
In the field of organic synthesis, it is widely used. To obtain this product, it is often prepared by substitution reaction of pentanol and hydrobromic acid. During the reaction, it is necessary to control the temperature and the ratio of reactants to increase its yield.
It can be used as an alkylating agent in organic synthesis. When it meets nucleophiles, it can form new carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hetero bonds, which is very important for the construction of complex organic molecular structures.
In recent years, the direction of research has gradually become green and efficient synthesis methods. It is hoped that it can be obtained by mild conditions, low-toxic raw materials and less waste production. And explore its application in new fields such as new drug development and functional material preparation, with the aim of expanding its use and promoting the development of this chemical.
Toxicity Research
Since modern times, the art of chemistry has advanced day by day, and people have explored the properties of various compounds more and more deeply. Jinyan 1 - Bromopentane This substance, the study of toxicity, is quite important.
Looking at its structure, halogenated hydrocarbons are also. After various experiments, it can be known that it has a certain toxicity. On the way into the body, it can be penetrated by respiration or through the skin. In living organisms, it can disturb the normal physiological order.
The animals tested are often restless and sluggish, and even damage the organs. Cover because its molecules interact with various molecules in the body of organisms, messing with biochemical reactions. Although it is widely used in industry, the prevention of toxicity should not be ignored. When working, it is necessary to adhere to the procedures and prepare protective equipment to avoid the harm of poisoning. This is the essence of toxicity research, which concerns the health of everyone and cannot be ignored.
Future Prospects
Guanfu 1 - Bromopentane, its future prospects, is the most important thing for our generation to study deeply. In today's world, science and technology are changing day by day, and the field of chemistry is also booming. 1 - Bromopentane, with its unique characteristics, is of extraordinary use in various chemical processes, pharmaceutical research and development, etc.
We hope that in the future, we can explore more subtleties. In the synthesis method, we hope to find a simpler and more efficient way, reduce consumption and improve production, and achieve perfection. In medicine, we may use its quality to expand the path of new drugs and add new power to cure diseases and remove diseases. Chemical production also hopes to create different materials with it to meet the needs of ever-changing times.
Although the road ahead is long, we chemical researchers, with an enterprising heart, should make unremitting efforts to open a new chapter in the future of 1-Bromopentane, develop its endless potential, and contribute our efforts to the progress of the world.
Frequently Asked Questions
1 - What are the main uses of Bromopentane?
1-Bromopentane is a commonly used raw material in organic synthesis. Its main uses are as follows.
First, it has a wide range of uses in nucleophilic substitution reactions. In this reaction, halogen atoms (bromine atoms) can be replaced by various nucleophilic reagents. For example, when co-heated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, bromine atoms will be replaced by hydroxyl groups to generate 1-pentanol. The principle of this reaction is that the hydroxyl group acts as a nucleophilic reagent to attack the carbon atoms connected to the bromine atom. The bromine ions leave and then complete the substitution. This is one of the important ways to prepare alcohols.
Second, 1-bromopentane can be used to prepare Grignard reagents. In the environment of anhydrous ether, 1-bromopentane reacts with magnesium to form amyl magnesium bromide, which is known as Grignard's reagent. Grignard's reagent is extremely active and can react with many carbonyl-containing compounds, such as aldides, ketones, esters, etc., to form carbon-carbon bonds. In organic synthesis, it is of great significance for growing carbon chains and constructing complex organic molecular structures.
Furthermore, it is also used in elimination reactions. When 1-bromopentane is co-heated with an alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide, an elimination reaction occurs to remove hydrogen bromide and generate pentene. This reaction can be used to prepare olefin compounds and provide unsaturated hydrocarbon raw materials for organic synthesis.
In conclusion, 1-bromopentane plays an important role in the field of organic synthesis. With various reaction pathways such as nucleophilic substitution, preparation of Grignard reagents and elimination reactions, it provides key raw materials and methods for the preparation of alcohols, the construction of carbon-carbon bonds, and the acquisition of olefins.
1 - What are the physical properties of Bromopentane?
1-Bromopentane is an organic compound. It is a colorless and transparent liquid at room temperature and has a special odor. Its relative density is 1.218 (20 ° C), heavier than water, slightly soluble in water, and soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.
The boiling point of 1-bromopentane is 129-130 ° C. At this temperature, it changes from liquid to gaseous. The melting point is -95 ° C. When the temperature is lower than this value, 1-bromopentane will solidify into a solid state.
The refractive index of this substance is 1.4401 (20 ° C). When light passes through 1-bromopentane, it will refract according to this refractive index.
The vapor pressure of 1-bromopentane has a specific value at a specific temperature and increases with the increase of temperature. Because it is a volatile liquid, it will gradually evaporate in the air.
1-bromopentane has a high activity of bromine atoms in the molecule, which makes it chemically active and can participate in many chemical reactions. It is widely used in the field of organic synthesis.
The above are the main physical properties of 1-bromopentane.
1 - What are the chemical properties of Bromopentane?
1-Bromopentane is also an organic compound. It has the general properties of haloalkanes, is active and can react with various reagents.
When encountering nucleophilic reagents, nucleophilic substitution reactions often occur. If it is co-heated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, the hydroxy bromide atom is obtained by 1-pentanol. This is because the hydroxyl nucleophilic attacks the carbon atom connected to the bromine atom and the bromine ion leaves. The mechanism of the reaction is that the nucleophilic reagent attacks from the opposite side of the bromine atom, goes through a transition state, and then forms new bonds and breaks old bonds.
If it is co-heated with an alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide, it will eliminate the reaction and obtain pentene. In alcoholic solution, the alkali captures the beta-hydrogen atom, and the bromine ions leave, forming a carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule. The orientation of the elimination reaction follows the Zaitsev rule, and tends to form olefins with more substituents.
1-bromopentane can also react with metal magnesium in anhydrous ether to form Grignard reagents. Grignard reagents are extremely active and can react with many carbonyl-containing compounds, such as aldons, ketones, esters, etc., and are widely used in organic synthesis. They are an important method for constructing carbon-carbon bonds.
In addition, 1-bromopentane can undergo free radical substitution reaction with halogens under light or heating conditions, but its reactivity and selectivity are related to the reaction conditions and halogen types.
In conclusion, 1-bromopentane plays an important role in the field of organic chemistry synthesis due to the characteristics of bromine atoms in its structure.
1 - What are the applications of Bromopentane in synthetic reactions?
In the synthesis reaction of 1-bromopentane, there are many uses, and each has its own uses.
First, nucleophilic substitution reactions are commonly used. In this reaction, the bromine atom of 1-bromopentane has good activity and is easily replaced by nucleophilic reagents. Take alcohols as an example. In an alkaline environment, the oxygen atom of alcohol is nucleophilic and can attack the carbon atom of 1-bromopentane, and the bromine ions leave to form ether compounds. If sodium cyanide is used as a nucleophilic reagent and the cyanyl group replaces the bromine atom, pentanitrile can be obtained. This product is widely used in organic synthesis and can be converted into carboxylic acids or amines by reaction.
Second, the elimination reaction also uses 1-bromopentane. Under the action of a strong base, 1-bromopentane undergoes a elimination reaction, and the bromine atom is removed from the hydrogen atom on the adjacent carbon atom to form pentene. This reaction is an important path for the preparation of olefins. Pentene can be used in polymerization reactions to prepare polymer materials, and can also participate in many addition reactions, expand the carbon chain or introduce new functional groups.
Furthermore, in metal-organic reactions, 1-bromopentane can react with metal magnesium to form Grignard reagents. Grignard reagents are extremely active and can react with various compounds such as alters, ketones, and esters to form carbon-carbon bonds, which contribute greatly to the construction of complex organic molecules. For example, when reacted with aldehyde, alcohols can be formed, which is an effective means to grow carbon chains and introduce hydroxyl groups in organic synthesis.
From this perspective, 1-bromopentane is an important raw material for the synthesis of various organic compounds in the field of organic synthesis due to its diverse reaction characteristics, and plays an indispensable role in the process of building complex organic molecular structures.
1 - What are the preparation methods of Bromopentane
There are several methods for preparing 1-bromopentane as follows.
First, it is prepared by reacting pentanol with hydrobromic acid. In this reaction, the hydroxyl group of pentanol can be replaced by bromine atoms to generate 1-bromopentane. The reaction mechanism is roughly as follows: hydrobromic acid ionizes hydrogen ions, protons the hydroxyl group of pentanol, and then forms hydrated ions that are easy to leave. The bromine ions attack nucleophilically, prompting water to leave, and then 1-bromopentane is obtained. This reaction condition is relatively mild and easy to operate. Sulfuric acid is often used as a catalyst to increase the reaction rate.
Second, the radical substitution reaction occurs between pentane and bromine under light or high temperature conditions. Light or high temperature causes bromine molecules to split into bromine radicals, which capture primary hydrogen atoms in pentane molecules to form pentyl radicals, which then interact with bromine molecules to generate 1-bromopentane. However, the selectivity of this reaction is not good. In addition to generating 1-bromopentane, other bromopentane by-products will be generated, and the separation and purification are slightly more complicated.
Third, it is prepared by an addition reaction between pentene and hydrogen bromide. Following the Markov rule, hydrogen atoms are added to double-bond carbon atoms with more hydrogen, and bromine atoms are added to double-bond carbon atoms with less hydrogen, which can generate 1-bromopentane with high selectivity. If there are peroxides in the system, the reaction follows the anti-Markov rule, but this situation is rarely used to prepare 1-bromopentane. The raw material pentene of this method is relatively easy to obtain, the reaction efficiency is high, and the product purity is also good.