What are the main uses of 1,3-dichloropropane?
The main uses of dioxypropane are related to fireworks, medicine, chemical industry and other fields.
In the production of fireworks, dioxypropane is a key component. It can help the flame become brighter and more stable, adding to the splendor of fireworks. During festivals, fireworks bloom in the sky, and dioxypropane is indispensable. Watch the fireworks take off, colorful, or flying like silver snakes, or blooming like flowers, all thanks to dioxypropane's help, making the fireworks burn with excellent effect, showing thousands of poses, and bringing a feast to the eyes.
In the field of medicine, dioxypropane is also important. It is often used as a solvent to help dissolve many pharmaceutical ingredients. Due to its unique chemical properties, it can dissolve with a variety of drugs and is less irritating to the human body, making it an indispensable material in the preparation of pharmaceutical preparations. Many oral liquid preparations, injections, etc., rely on dioxypropane to assist in the dissolution of drugs to ensure uniform dispersion of drugs, so that they can be better absorbed by the human body and exert their therapeutic effects.
In the chemical industry, dioxypropane is an important raw material for organic synthesis. Using it as a starting material, it can undergo a series of chemical reactions to prepare a variety of organic compounds. Such as some special polymers, fragrances, etc. With its chemical structure characteristics, it can react with other compounds to build complex chemical structures. In the preparation of polymers, dioxypropane participates in the reaction, which can endow the polymer with special properties, such as better flexibility and stability, thus expanding the application range of the polymer, making the variety of chemical products more diverse and meeting the needs of different fields.
What are the physical properties of 1,3-dichloropropane?
The physical properties of dichloropropane are particularly important and involve many uses. It is a colorless liquid with an aroma similar to chloroform and a slightly sweet taste.
In terms of its density, it is about 1.156 grams/cubic centimeter, which is heavier than water, so it is mixed with water and sinks to the bottom. The boiling point is about 96-120 ° C. This property is crucial in distillation, separation and other processes, and can be controlled by temperature to separate the required components.
The solubility of dichloropropane also has characteristics. It can be miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and many other organic solvents, but it is difficult to dissolve in water. This characteristic makes it often used as a solvent in organic synthesis, helping the reactants to mix evenly and promoting the smooth progress of the reaction.
Its volatility is not weak, and it can evaporate into a gas quickly under normal temperature and pressure. This property has advantages and disadvantages. In some processes that require rapid drying, it can accelerate solvent volatilization; the disadvantage is that it needs to be stored tightly, otherwise it is easy to escape and cause loss, and because of its certain toxicity, it evaporates in the air, or endangers human health and environmental safety.
In addition, the refractive index of dichloropropane is about 1.4388. This optical property may have applications in some optical materials and analytical testing fields. Its surface tension is about 32 dyne/cm, which affects its behavior on the surface of liquids and interfacial interactions with other substances.
In short, the physical properties of dichloropropane are diverse, and each property is interrelated. It is of great value in many industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and materials. Only by being familiar with its properties can we make good use of it and avoid its harm.
What are the chemical properties of 1,3-dichloropropane?
Dioxypromazine has unique chemical properties. This medicine is white to slightly yellow powder with a slightly bitter taste and melts in a specific solvent.
In terms of stability, it is quite stable at room temperature. In case of hot topics, open flames or strong oxidants, there is a risk of fire and explosion. In acidic environments, it is relatively stable; but in alkaline environments, it may react chemically, or cause structural changes and reduced activity.
Dioxypromazine has amphoteric characteristics, with both acidic groups and basic groups, which can react with both acids and bases. In the field of organic synthesis, some groups in its structure can participate in reactions such as substitution and addition, whereby new derivatives can be synthesized, or their pharmacological activities and physicochemical properties can be improved.
In terms of pharmacological activity, dioxypromazine has the ability to relieve cough and asthma, as well as anti-histamine and local anesthesia. Its antitussive effect is derived from the inhibition of the cough center; its antihistamine effect is due to its ability to block histamine receptors. These properties make it widely used in the field of medicine and are often used in the treatment of cough, asthma and other diseases.
When dioxypromazine is used, it is also necessary to pay attention to its side effects. Because it has a certain sedative effect, it may cause drowsiness and fatigue after medication. Therefore, when applying, the advantages and disadvantages should be weighed, and the drug should be used rationally according to the condition and the individual condition of the patient.
What is the production method of 1,3-dichloropropane?
The preparation method of dioxypromazine is obtained by multi-step reaction starting with o-chlorobenzoic acid. First, o-chlorobenzoic acid is co-heated with phosphorus trichloride, and an acylation reaction occurs to obtain o-chlorobenzoyl chloride. The reaction formula is: $C_7H_5ClO_2 + PCl_3\ longrightarrow C_7H_4Cl_2O + H_3PO_3 $.
times, with o-chlorobenzoyl chloride and m-chloroaniline in an appropriate solvent, in the presence of acid binding agent, to form an amide. This step requires temperature control and reaction time to make the reaction sufficient. The reaction formula is: $C_7H_4Cl_2O + C_6H_6ClN\ longrightarrow C_ {13} H_9Cl_2NO + HCl $.
Furthermore, the amide product is cyclized to obtain dioxipromazine. This step requires specific catalysts and reaction conditions to obtain the target product. The reaction formula is: $C_ {13} H_9Cl_2NO\ longrightarrow C_ {17} H_ {20} ClN_3O_3S $.
The whole process requires strict control of the reaction conditions of each step, such as temperature, pressure, reactant ratio and reaction time. If the temperature is too high or too low, it can cause side reactions to occur and reduce the yield of the product. Improper proportion of reactants also affects the reaction process and product purity. And after each step of the reaction, it needs to be properly separated and purified to remove impurities and obtain high-purity dioxipromazine. In this way, after multiple steps of fine operation, the required dioxipromazine can be obtained.
What are the precautions for using 1,3-dichloropropane?
Dioxypropane needs to pay attention to many matters during use.
First, it is related to safety. Dioxypropane is flammable, and when it is used, it is necessary to eliminate open flames, static electricity and other fire sources around it. If an open flame is close, it is very likely to cause combustion or even explosion, endangering personal and property safety. As mentioned in "Tiangong Kaiwu", the management of fire sources has always been strict, and it should be more cautious when dealing with such things with the risk of explosion.
Second, it involves storage. It should be stored in a cool and well-ventilated place away from direct sunlight. Excessive temperature will cause its volatilization to intensify and increase the concentration in the air. Once it reaches a certain proportion, it is easy to be dangerous when exposed to fire sources. And the storage container must be tightly sealed to prevent leakage. In "Tiangong Kaiwu", the material storage is also heavily sealed with the environment, which is the same principle.
Third, about the use of specifications. During operation, it is necessary to ensure that the ventilation conditions are good, so that the volatile gas can be discharged in time, reduce the concentration in the air, and reduce the harm to the human body. Operators should be equipped with suitable protective equipment, such as gas masks, protective gloves, etc. Because of its irritation to the respiratory tract and skin, if not protected, long-term contact is easy to cause physical discomfort. This is the same as the requirements for artisan operation specifications in "Tiangong Kaiwu", both to ensure safety and quality.
Fourth, pay attention to the reaction with other substances. Dioxypropane is chemically active, avoid contact with strong oxidants and other substances, otherwise it may cause violent chemical reactions, resulting in adverse consequences. Just as the "Tiangong Kaiwu" is cautious about the compatibility of different materials, this chemical substance should pay more attention to its reaction characteristics.