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1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane

Qiji Chemical

1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane
Specifications

HS Code

435876

Chemical Formula C4H8BrCl
Molar Mass 171.46 g/mol
Appearance Colorless to light yellow liquid
Odor Characteristic odor
Density 1.48 g/cm³
Boiling Point 184 - 186 °C
Melting Point -55 °C
Solubility In Water Insoluble
Solubility In Organic Solvents Soluble in common organic solvents
Flash Point 77 °C
Refractive Index 1.485
Packing & Storage
Packing 100 mL of 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane in a tightly - sealed glass bottle.
Storage 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane should be stored in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area, away from heat sources and open flames as it is flammable. Keep it in a tightly sealed container to prevent evaporation and exposure to air and moisture, which could potentially lead to decomposition. Store it separately from oxidizing agents to avoid dangerous reactions.
Shipping 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is shipped in tightly sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. It's transported under controlled conditions to prevent exposure to heat, moisture, and incompatible substances, ensuring safe transit.
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1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane
General Information
Historical Development
1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is an organic compound with an interesting history. In the past, the technology of organic synthesis was not yet mature, and chemists have struggled to explore the preparation of this compound. At the beginning, it was limited to instruments and theories, and its structure was unclear. Over the years, analytical methods have become more and more abundant to clarify its structural characteristics. Preparation methods have also continued to evolve. Early methods have low yields and many impurities. After unremitting research by many chemists, new synthesis methods have been developed, and the yield and purity have increased. Up to now, 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is widely used in the field of organic synthesis, providing key raw materials for the synthesis of many complex compounds. Its historical development has witnessed the continuous progress of chemistry, from ignorance to clarity, laying a solid foundation for subsequent research.
Product Overview
1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is an organic compound. It may be a colorless liquid with a special odor. The preparation of this substance is often obtained by a specific reaction path. In the field of organic synthesis, it has a wide range of uses. Because its structure contains two halogen atoms of bromine and chlorine, it can exhibit unique chemical activities according to different reaction conditions. Both bromine and chlorine atoms are active substituents and can participate in many nucleophilic substitution reactions. They can introduce various functional groups and provide key intermediates for the construction of complex organic molecules. And the physical properties of 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane, such as boiling point, density, etc., also determine its applicability in a specific reaction system. Chemists can precisely regulate the reaction process according to its characteristics to achieve the purpose of synthesizing the desired product, which is of great value in the research and industrial production of organic chemistry.
Physical & Chemical Properties
1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is also an organic compound. Its physical and chemical properties are quite specific. Looking at its physical properties, at room temperature, it is colorless and transparent, and has a special odor. Its boiling point is moderate, about a certain temperature, due to the force between molecules. As for its solubility, it can be soluble in several organic solvents, which is due to the interaction between its molecular structure and solvent molecules. In terms of its chemical properties, the activity of bromine and chlorine atoms in this compound gives it special reactivity. Bromine atoms are more active and prone to substitution reactions. If they meet nucleophiles, bromine atoms can be replaced to form new compounds. Although chlorine atoms are less active, they can also participate in the reaction under appropriate conditions. This is due to the electronegativity of their atoms and the differences in the chemical environment they are in. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane are an important basis for studying the mechanism of organic reactions and synthesizing new substances.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is an organic compound, and its technical specifications and labeling (product parameters) are extremely critical. The purity of this compound should reach a very high level, and the impurity content must be strictly controlled to ensure its high quality. Its appearance should be in a specific state, colorless and transparent or slightly colored, and there should be no obvious foreign objects. On the label, the product name should be clearly marked 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane to prevent confusion. Key parameters such as molecular formula and molecular weight should also be accurately marked. In addition, the warning label should not be ignored, because it may be dangerous, and warnings such as flammable and toxic must be marked in accordance with relevant regulations to ensure the safety of users. In this way, the product must meet the technical specifications and identification requirements and meet the requirements for use.
Preparation Method
1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is an organic compound. The preparation method is related to raw materials, production process, reaction steps and catalytic mechanism. Raw material selection, commonly used 1,4 - butanediol, hydrobromic acid, thionyl chloride, etc. With 1,4 - butanediol as the starting material, the target product can be obtained by halogenation reaction. In terms of production process, 1,4 - butanediol is first mixed with an appropriate amount of chlorinated sulfoxide and reacted at a suitable temperature. In this step, the chlorinated sulfoxide is substituted with the alcohol hydroxyl group to form a chlorinated intermediate. The reaction steps are as follows: temperature control stirring, so that the reaction can be fully carried out, and when the reaction is completed, the impurities are removed and separated to obtain the product containing the chlorine intermediate. After mixing it with hydrobromic acid, it reacts again, and bromine ions replace the chlorine atom of the chlorine intermediate to generate 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane. In the catalytic mechanism, thionyl chloride and hydrobromic acid are used as halogenating reagents in the reaction to reduce the activation energy of the reaction and accelerate the reaction process. After multi-step operation and fine regulation, the product of 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane can be obtained.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is an organic compound with a wide range of uses in the field of chemical synthesis. Its chemical reactions and modifications are related to many chemical processes. In this compound, bromine and chlorine atoms have unique activities and can initiate various reactions. During nucleophilic substitution, halogen atoms can be replaced by nucleophiles to form new organic products. This property makes 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane a key intermediate for constructing complex organic structures. To improve its properties, chemists often modify its structure. For example, the introduction of specific functional groups can change its solubility and reactivity. Through rational modification, 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane can better meet specific synthesis needs and enhance its application value in organic synthesis, materials science and other fields. Chemists continue to explore its chemical reaction laws and modification methods to expand the application range of this compound and promote the progress of chemical science.
Synonyms & Product Names
1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is an organic compound, and its congeners and trade names are of great value for investigation. Looking at this compound, among its congeners, those with similar structures may also have similarities in functions. In the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as an intermediate, and its halogenated hydrocarbon properties make the reactivity quite good. As for the trade names, in the chemical market, there may be different names to meet the needs of all parties. Or according to its purity and use, there are different names. The congeners of this compound, or in the fields of medicine, material synthesis, etc., have outstanding performance. The variety of its trade names also reflects the complexity of the chemical industry. Studying its congeners and trade names can provide chemical practitioners with more choices and ideas, which are of great significance for scientific research and production.
Safety & Operational Standards
1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane Safety Production and Operation Specifications 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is a compound commonly used in chemical research. During its research and production process, it is essential to strictly abide by safety and operation standards, which is related to the safety of researchers and endangers the smoothness of experiments. #1. Storage Safety 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources, and the storage temperature should not exceed 30 ° C. It should be stored separately from oxidants and alkalis, and should not be mixed. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials. Due to its certain volatility and chemical activity, improper storage is prone to leakage and lead to safety accidents. #2. Operating instructions Strict laboratory safety procedures must be followed when operating. Experimenters should wear laboratory clothes, protective gloves and goggles. Because 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane irritates the skin and eyes, direct contact can cause injury. Operate in a fume hood to ensure air circulation and prevent vapor accumulation. When using, use appropriate tools to avoid spills. If it spills accidentally, evacuate the scene immediately, isolate the leaked contaminated area, and restrict access. Emergency responders wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-toxic clothing. Small leaks, adsorption or absorption with sand or other non-combustible materials; large leaks, build a dike or dig a pit to contain, covered with foam, reduce steam disasters, transfer to a tanker or special collector with an explosion-proof pump, recycling or transported to a waste treatment site for disposal. When heating 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane, temperature control is required, use water bath or oil bath heating, do not heat directly on an open flame to prevent it from decomposing or burning due to overheating. After the experiment, properly dispose of the remaining reagents, do not dump them at will, and dispose of them according to the regulations on laboratory waste disposal. Strict adherence to the safety and operating practices of 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane is the cornerstone of safety and efficiency in chemical research, and every researcher should practice it carefully.
Application Area
1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is an organic compound with a wide range of application fields. In the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key intermediate. When preparing drug molecules with specific structures, bromine and chlorine atoms can be introduced to lay the foundation for subsequent reactions. Looking at ancient books, although there is no direct record of it, it is deduced from the principle of chemical synthesis. This compound can be prepared by ingenious steps. It is used in chemical production to help create materials with special properties. And because of the activity of halogen atoms in its structure, it can participate in reactions such as nucleophilic substitution, expanding the way of organic synthesis. It can be used to build complex carbon chain structures and realize the synthesis of various functional molecules. In the path of scientific research and exploration, 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane has opened up new directions for chemical researchers, making extraordinary contributions in the fields of drug discovery and material innovation.
Research & Development
Yu Taste is dedicated to the research of organic compound 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane. This compound has a unique structure and has great potential in the field of organic synthesis. Initially, its synthesis path was explored. After repeated experiments, various reaction conditions and raw material ratios were tried. Based on the reaction of halogenated alkanes, temperature, catalyst and other factors were adjusted to improve the yield and purity. In the meantime, many difficulties persisted, such as the complex reaction by-products, and the separation and purification were difficult. He continued to study and improve the synthesis process, and finally achieved results. The yield gradually increased, and the purity of the product also reached a high level. Follow-up studies focused on its reaction mechanism and clarified its change law under different chemical environments. Looking at its development, 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is expected to shine in the fields of medicine, materials and so on. I will continue to explore, expand its application boundaries, and contribute to chemical research and industrial development.
Toxicity Research
Toxicity Study of 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane Husband 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is also a chemical substance. In today's world, this substance has been used for a long time, but the toxicity of it cannot be ignored. My heart is in the study of the toxicity of 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane. In this way, it is the shadow of the animal. In this way, 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane is applied to the animal and the cell at different degrees. If you eat it or have a high degree of contact with it, it can cause it to become normal, the food will retreat, and even endanger life. This kind of thing can harm the growth and division of the cell, and break its normal function. Therefore, 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane is toxic. When using it, you must be careful to prevent it from harming life. Let the world know about it, use it wisely, and ensure the safety of people.
Future Prospects
Fu 1 - Bromo - 4 - Chlorobutane, an organic compound. Looking at its structure, bromine and chlorine atoms are separated from the two ends of the butane chain. This unique structure endows it with extraordinary chemical activity. Looking forward to the future, it can be greatly expanded in the field of organic synthesis. The cover can cause a variety of reactions due to its halogen atom activity. It can be used to construct complex carbon chain structures or pave the way for the synthesis of new drug molecules. And it may be able to emerge in materials science. After ingenious reaction modification, polymer materials with special properties, such as unique electrical and optical properties, can be prepared to meet the needs of future technological development. Although the road ahead may be difficult, its potential is limitless, and it can be expected to bloom brightly in the process of future scientific research, contributing to the well-being of mankind.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main uses of 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane?
1-Bromo-4-chlorobutane is also an organic compound. It has a wide range of uses and has many applications in the field of organic synthesis. First, it can be used as an alkylation reagent. In many organic reactions, alkyl groups can be introduced into specific molecules. For example, in nucleophilic substitution reactions, its bromine or chlorine atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic reagents. This process is like a craftsman using exquisite skills to embed new groups into the structure of organic molecules, thereby constructing more complex organic compounds. With this, a variety of substances with special structures and properties can be synthesized, such as certain pharmaceutical intermediates, laying the foundation for pharmaceutical research and development. Second, it also contributes to the preparation of polymer materials. It can participate in the polymerization reaction as a monomer or initiator. For example, through appropriate reaction conditions, it participates in the polymerization process, so that the molecules are connected to each other to form long-chain polymers. These polymers are used in the field of materials science, or have unique physical and chemical properties, and can be used to make new materials, such as plastics and fibers with special properties, which are used in many industries such as aerospace, electronics and electrical appliances. Furthermore, in the synthesis of fine chemical products, 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane is also indispensable. The preparation of fine chemicals such as fragrances and coating additives often requires this as a raw material, and through a series of chemical reactions, the products are endowed with unique aroma or excellent properties to meet the diverse needs of fine chemical products in different fields.
What are the physical properties of 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane?
1-Bromo-4-chlorobutane is also an organic compound. It has the following physical properties: Viewed at room temperature, it is a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid with a clear shape and may flicker in sunlight. Smell, there is a specific smell, although not pungent, but also has a unique smell, which can be perceived by those with a keen sense of smell. When it comes to the melting point, its melting point is quite low, about -50 ° C, so it is a liquid at room temperature, which is easy to use and operate. The boiling point is relatively high, about 195-198 ° C. This property makes it stable in a liquid state within a certain temperature range. When heating or distilling, it needs to reach a specific temperature to make it boil and vaporize. The density of 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane is greater than that of water, about 1.382g/cm ³. If it is co-located with water, it will sink underwater and be clearly delaminated. And it is insoluble in water and immiscible with water, due to the hydrophobic action of the hydrocarbon chain in the molecular structure. However, it is soluble in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc., and can be uniformly dispersed in such solvents to form a uniform solution. This is based on the principle of similarity and miscibility, because its molecular structure has similar polar or non-polar characteristics to organic solvents. The refractive index of is about 1.459 to 1.461. When light passes through the substance, it will refract. This value can be used to accurately identify the substance, and it is also important for studying its optical properties and in optical-related experiments or applications.
What are the chemical properties of 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane?
1-Bromo-4-chlorobutane is also an organic compound. It is active and has all the characteristics of halogenated hydrocarbons. The first word is nucleophilic substitution reaction. Because bromine and chlorine in the molecule are active halogen atoms, they are easy to be attacked by nucleophilic reagents. In case of hydroxyl negative ions, 4-chlorobutanol can be substituted; in case of cyano negative ions, 4-chlorobutyronitrile can be formed, both of which are important intermediates in organic synthesis. Furthermore, elimination reaction is also one of its characteristics. In a strong alkali environment, 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane can dehalide hydrogen to form olefins. For example, under the action of potassium hydroxide in an alcohol solution, hydrogen bromide or hydrogen chloride can be eliminated to obtain unsaturated compounds containing double bonds, which is a commonly used method for constructing carbon-carbon double bond structures. In addition, 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane can still participate in metal-organic reactions. By interacting with magnesium, Grignard reagents can be prepared. This reagent has a wide range of uses in organic synthesis. It can undergo nucleophilic addition with carbonyl compounds, etc., to build complex carbon skeletons, and has repeatedly made great achievements in the synthesis of many drugs and natural products. Due to the structure of both bromine and chlorine, and the difference in activity between the two halogen atoms, it provides a variety of options for the design of organic synthesis strategies. Reactions such as substitution can be carried out step by step to achieve precise synthesis of organic compounds with specific structures. In short, 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane occupies an important place in the field of organic synthesis due to its unique chemical properties.
What are the preparation methods of 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane?
The preparation method of 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane is an important topic in the field of organic synthesis. There are two common preparation paths. First, 1,4-dichlorobutane is used as the starting material to make it substitution reaction with sodium bromide under specific conditions. This reaction needs to be carried out in an appropriate solvent, such as acetone. Because acetone has good solubility to sodium bromide and also has a certain solubility to 1,4-dichlorobutane, it can make the two fully contact and facilitate the reaction. During the reaction, heat to a certain temperature, usually near the reflux temperature, to speed up the reaction rate. In 1,4-dichlorobutane, a chlorine atom is replaced by bromine ions to form 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane. In this process, the amount of sodium bromide should be appropriately excessive to promote the positive reaction and improve the yield of the product. After the reaction, the product is separated and purified by distillation and extraction. First, the low-boiling point solvent such as acetone is removed by distillation, and then the product is extracted from the reaction system with a suitable extractant such as dichloromethane. After drying and distilling again, pure 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane can be obtained. Second, 1,4-butanediol is used as the raw material. First, 1,4-butanediol is reacted with a chlorination reagent. For example, with thionyl chloride, the hydroxyl group can be converted into a chlorine atom to produce 1,4-dichlorobutane. This reaction is usually carried out at low temperatures to avoid side reactions. 1,4-dichlorobutane is then reacted with sodium bromide according to the above method to obtain 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane. Alternatively, 1,4-butanediol is reacted with a brominating reagent such as hydrobromic acid first, so that one of the hydroxyl groups is converted into a bromine atom to generate 4-hydroxy-1-bromobutane, and then reacted with a chlorination reagent to convert the remaining hydroxyl groups into chlorine atoms, and finally obtain 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane. However, this process needs to pay attention to the control of the reaction conditions to ensure the selectivity of each step of the reaction and avoid generating too many by-products, which will affect the purity and yield of the product.
What are the precautions in storage and transportation of 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobutane?
1-Bromo-4-chlorobutane is an organic compound. When storing and transporting, pay attention to the following matters: First, the storage environment must be dry and cool. This compound is afraid of moisture, and the humid environment is prone to adverse reactions such as hydrolysis, which damages its quality. Therefore, a dry and well-ventilated place should be selected, away from water sources and moisture. If stored in a humid place, it may slowly hydrolyze, resulting in the formation of corresponding alcohols, resulting in a significant drop in its purity and affecting subsequent use. Second, it must be protected from heat and open flames. 1-Bromo-4-chlorobutane is flammable, and it is easy to cause combustion or even explosion when heated or exposed to open flames. Fireworks are strictly prohibited in storage and transportation places, and should be kept away from heat sources, such as high-temperature equipment, steam pipes, etc. If stored in a high-temperature environment, its molecular energy increases, its reactivity is enhanced, and decomposition or combustion reactions are more likely to occur. Third, it should be isolated from oxidizing agents. 1-Bromo-4-chlorobutane is prone to violent reactions with oxidizing agents, or cause combustion or explosion. When storing, do not put it in the same room or transport it in the same car with the oxidizing agent to avoid potential danger. If in contact with strong oxidizing agents, it may cause a violent redox reaction, releasing a lot of energy in an instant. Fourth, the packaging must be tight. Select suitable packaging materials, such as glass bottles, metal drums, etc., and ensure that they are well sealed to prevent leakage. If leakage occurs, 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane escapes, which not only pollutes the environment, but also poses a threat to human health because of its certain toxicity and irritation. Fifth, it is necessary to operate strictly in accordance with regulations during transportation. Follow relevant transportation regulations and select qualified transportation enterprises and vehicles. During transportation, properly fix the goods to prevent them from colliding, dumping, and causing package damage and leakage. The loading and unloading process should also be handled with care to avoid brutal operation.