What are the main uses of Phosphorus Tribromide?
Phosphorus and phosphorus tribromide have a wide range of uses. In the field of chemical industry, it is often used as a key reagent. For example, in organic synthesis, phosphorus tribromide can convert alcohols into halogenated hydrocarbons. This change is like applying a magic method to alcohols, causing their structure to change, and halogen atoms enter them to obtain new halogenated hydrocarbons.
It also has its functions in the manufacturing of medicines. It can help to form intermediates for a variety of drugs, just like building the foundation of a high-rise building, laying the foundation for the synthesis of complex and delicate drug molecules. In the reaction, it can precisely guide the construction of molecular structures, making the process of drug synthesis smoother.
Furthermore, it also plays a role in the field of materials science. Or provide assistance for the preparation of special materials, so that the materials have unique characteristics, such as specific electrical and optical characteristics. Like a stroke of genius, endow materials with different capabilities to meet various special needs.
Phosphorus and phosphorus tribromide play an important role in chemical, pharmaceutical, materials and other fields, and play an important role in promoting the progress of various industries.
What are the Physical Properties of Phosphorus Tribromide?
The physical properties of phosphorus and phosphorus tribromide, such as color, state, taste, melting boiling point, solubility and other characteristics.
Phosphorus has a variety of allotropes, common white phosphorus and red phosphorus. White phosphorus is white or light yellow in color, soft like wax, with garlic odor, and darkens in color when seen in light. White phosphorus has a low ignition point, only 40 ° C, and is prone to spontaneous combustion, so it often exists in water. Its density is 1.82g/cm ³, which is larger than water. Red phosphorus is dark red powder, odorless, with a ignition point of about 240 ° C, higher than white phosphorus, stable at room temperature, insoluble in water and carbon disulfide.
Phosphorus tribromide, the normal state is colorless or light yellow fuming liquid, with irritating odor. Its melting point is -41.5 ° C, boiling point is 173.2 ° C. It reacts violently with water to form phosphoric acid and hydrobromic acid, which are dissolved in organic solvents such as acetone and carbon disulfide. Phosphorus tribromide is highly corrosive and can corrode a variety of metals and organic matter.
The two have different physical properties and are used in chemical experiments and industrial production. White phosphorus can be used to make phosphoric acid, incendiary bombs, etc.; red phosphorus is used to make matches and pesticides. Phosphorus tribromide is often used as a chemical reagent in organic synthesis, introducing bromine atoms.
Chemical Properties of Phosphorus Tribromide
Phosphorus and phosphorus tribromide are both chemical substances with unique properties and play key roles in many chemical processes.
Phosphorus has a variety of allotropes, common ones are white phosphorus and red phosphorus. White phosphorus is white or light yellow, soft in color, highly toxic, has a very low ignition point, is easy to spontaneously ignite in air, and must be stored in water. Red phosphorus is a reddish-brown powder, which is more stable than white phosphorus, has a higher ignition point, and is non-toxic. Phosphorus is chemically active and can react with many substances. When exposed to oxygen, it can burn violently under suitable conditions, generating phosphorus pentoxide and emitting dazzling fire. This reaction is often used in military fireworks and flares.
Phosphorus tribromide is a colorless or light yellow fuming liquid with an irritating odor. Its chemical properties are also active. When hydrolyzed, it reacts violently in contact with water to form phosphoric acid and hydrogen bromide gas. This reaction is violent and accompanied by heat. Phosphorus tribromide is often used as a chemical reagent and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. It can be used as a brominating agent to make alcohols undergo bromination reaction, and the hydroxyl group is replaced by bromine atoms to generate corresponding bromohydrocarbons, which is indispensable in the preparation of specific structural compounds in organic synthesis.
When phosphorus meets phosphorus tribromide, it can react under specific conditions. Because phosphorus has a variety of valence states, it can redox with phosphorus tribromide to generate phosphorus-containing compounds with different valence states. The specific products depend on the reaction conditions, such as temperature and the proportion of reactants. Such reactions enrich the preparation pathways of phosphorus compounds, providing more options for chemical synthesis.
What is the Preparation of Phosphorus Tribromide?
To make phosphorus tribromide, the method is as follows: First take an appropriate amount of phosphorus and place it in a corrosion-resistant device. Also prepare tribromide, the quality must be pure. Set the device in a stable place and slowly inject bromine on the phosphorus. In the meantime, it is advisable to control the temperature, so as not to cause heat to erupt suddenly and cause danger. Due to the reaction between phosphorus and bromine, the heat output is quite dramatic.
When injecting bromine, the hand should be steady and slow, and observe its corresponding state. When there is a reaction, the liquid color may change, gas or life, it is normal. When it is finished, the product may be liquid, and the color may be different.
After that, the prepared product should be purified by a suitable method. You can use the technique of distillation to choose the right temperature, remove the impurities, and make the tribromide pure. This is the method of making the tribromide of phosphorus. However, you must be careful and follow the rules to ensure safety. All utensils used should be clean and dry beforehand, to prevent impurities from entering and damaging them.
What are the precautions for using Phosphorus Tribromide?
Phosphorus and phosphorus tribromide need to be treated with caution during use.
Phosphorus is lively and prone to spontaneous combustion in the air. When taking it, it must be clipped with tweezers, and must not be touched by hand. After taking it, the remaining phosphorus must be properly stored in water to prevent accidents from contacting the air. When reacting with phosphorus tribromide, the environment must be well ventilated. Because phosphorus tribromide is easily hydrolyzed in contact with water, it releases irritating gases such as hydrogen bromide, which not only smell pungent, but also cause serious irritation and damage to the human respiratory tract and eyes. Therefore, the operation should be carried out in a fume hood to ensure that harmful gases can be discharged in time to ensure the safety of operators.
Furthermore, phosphorus tribromide is highly corrosive. During the measurement and transfer operation, protective clothing, protective gloves and goggles are required. If it is accidentally splashed on the skin or eyes, it should be rinsed with a large amount of water immediately and quickly seek medical treatment. At the same time, its reaction with phosphorus has many exothermic characteristics. Pay attention to the control of the reaction temperature during operation to prevent the reaction from getting out of control due to excessive temperature and causing danger.
In addition, the instruments used in the experiment must be kept dry and anhydrous to avoid the hydrolysis of phosphorus tribromide and affect the reaction process and results. After the reaction is completed, the remaining phosphorus tribromide and reaction products should be properly disposed of in accordance with relevant regulations and should not be discarded at will to prevent pollution and harm to the environment. Overall, it is necessary to remain vigilant during the operation and strictly follow the operating procedures to ensure the safe and smooth conduct of the experiment.