Titanium tetrachloride is an important chemical substance with a wide range of main uses.
In the field of metallurgy, titanium tetrachloride is a key raw material for the preparation of titanium metal. Starting with titanium-containing minerals such as rutile, titanium tetrachloride is prepared by reacting with chlorine gas, and then reduced by magnesium or sodium to obtain high-purity titanium metal. Titanium metal has many excellent characteristics, such as low density, high strength, good corrosion resistance, etc., and is indispensable in aerospace, shipbuilding, chemical equipment and other industries. In aerospace, titanium alloys are often used for aircraft engine parts, fuselage structural parts, etc. In this process, titanium tetrachloride plays an important role as a starting material.
In the chemical industry, titanium tetrachloride also has many uses. First, it can be used as a catalyst. In the polymerization of olefins, titanium tetrachloride is combined with alkyl aluminum and other cocatalysts, which can efficiently catalyze the polymerization of olefins, and prepare polyolefin materials with different properties, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. These polyolefin materials are widely used in the production of plastic products and fibers. Second, titanium tetrachloride can be used to prepare titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide is a white pigment with excellent performance. It has the advantages of high hiding power and high whiteness. It is widely used in coatings, plastics, papermaking and other industries. Titanium tetrachloride is used as raw material and high-quality titanium dioxide can be prepared by gas phase oxidation and other processes.
In addition, titanium tetrachloride can also be used to prepare other titanium-containing compounds, which are also important in the fields of electronics and ceramics. In the field of electronics, some titanium-containing compounds can be used as electronic ceramic materials, used in capacitors, resistors and other electronic components; in the field of ceramics, the addition of titanium-containing compounds can improve the properties of ceramics, such as improving their strength, toughness and high temperature resistance. In short, titanium tetrachloride plays a pivotal role in many industries and is of great significance in promoting industrial development.

Ferric oxide is an important oxide of iron, and it has unique physical properties, which is worth studying in detail.
When it comes to color and state, ferric oxide is black and solid, and the texture is quite solid. Its appearance is dark, with a certain metallic luster, which is easy to identify in many scenarios.
Looking at its density, ferric oxide has a higher density and is heavier than common substances at the same volume. This property makes it particularly valuable in some application scenarios where the relationship between the weight and volume of the substance needs to be considered.
Besides its magnetism, ferric oxide is magnetic, which is one of its remarkable characteristics. It can be attracted by magnets and can also exhibit its own magnetism. This magnetic property is widely used in many fields, such as the preparation of magnetic materials, magnetic recording media, etc., and plays a key role.
As for the melting point, ferric oxide has a high melting point and requires a high temperature to melt it. This high melting point characteristic allows ferric oxide to maintain a stable solid-state structure in high-temperature environments, and can be used in refractory materials and other fields.
In addition, ferric oxide is insoluble in water and can remain solid in water, and does not react with water. This property determines that it can maintain its own structure and properties in contact with water, and is not affected by water.
In summary, the black solid form, high density, magnetic properties, high melting point, and insolubility in water of ferric oxide make it indispensable in many fields and lay the foundation for many industrial production, scientific research, and daily life applications.

Titanium tetrachloride is commonly used in chemical reactions as follows:
First, as a chlorinating agent. In the field of metallurgy, for example, in the extraction process of titanium, rutile (the main component TiO _ 2) is co-heated with coke and chlorine, and titanium tetrachloride is used as a chlorinating agent to participate in the reaction. In this process, TiO _ 2 + 2C + 2Cl _ 2 $\ stackrel {high temperature} {=} $TiCl+ 2CO, titanium tetrachloride is converted from titanium by chlorination reaction, and then further reduced to obtain metal titanium. In organic synthesis, like the chlorination reaction of aromatic side chains, titanium tetrachloride can introduce chlorine atoms into the side chains of aromatics, thereby changing the structure and properties of organic matter.
Second, as a catalyst. It plays a key catalytic role in many reactions in organic synthesis. For example, the famous Friedel-Crafts reaction, whether it is alkylation or acylation reaction, titanium tetrachloride can interact with halogenated hydrocarbons or acyl halides to generate active intermediates such as carbon positive ions, which greatly reduces the reaction activation energy, promotes the smooth reaction of aromatics with halogenated hydrocarbons or acyl halides, realizes the construction of carbon-carbon bonds, and synthesizes a variety of complex organic compounds. In the polymerization of olefins, titanium tetrachloride and alkyl aluminum form a Ziegler-Natta catalyst system, which has high catalytic activity and selectivity for olefin polymerization, and can prepare polyolefin materials with different structures and properties, such as high-density polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, etc., which is of great significance in the synthesis of polymer materials.
Third, it is called Lewis acid. Due to the empty orbit of the central titanium atom, it can accept electron pairs and exhibit the characteristics of Lewis acid. In some organic reactions, coordination compounds are formed with compounds containing lone pairs of electrons, such as ethers and amines, which change the electron cloud distribution of the reactants and affect the reactivity and selectivity. For example, in some cyclization reactions, titanium tetrachloride coordinates with atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen in the reactant molecules to guide the reaction in a specific direction to generate cyclic compounds with specific structures.

Titanium tetrachloride is an important chemical raw material. Although the preparation method is not detailed in the ancient book "Tiangong Kaiwu", the method can be studied as follows:
The first rutile chlorination method. This is the rutile (mainly containing titanium dioxide) as raw material, which is mixed with coke and placed in a chlorination furnace. The furnace is filled with chlorine gas, and under high temperature conditions, a chemical reaction occurs. Titanium dioxide in rutile interacts with chlorine gas and coke, and the reaction equation is $TiO_ {2} + 2C + 2Cl_ {2}\ stackrel {high temperature }{=\!=\!=} TiCl_ {4} + 2CO $. In this reaction, coke is used as a reducing agent to reduce titanium dioxide, and chlorine is combined with it to form titanium tetrachloride gas. The generated titanium tetrachloride gas is condensed and collected, and then distilled and purified to obtain high-purity titanium tetrachloride.
Furthermore, it can be prepared from ilmenite. First, ilmenite ($FeTiO_ {3} $) is reacted with sulfuric acid to obtain titanium oxysulfate ($TiOSO_ {4} $) solution. The reaction is as follows: $FeTiO_ {3} + 2H_ {2} SO_ {4} = TiOSO_ {4} + FeSO_ {4} + 2H_ {2} O $. After hydrolysis, titanium sulfate is hydrolyzed to form metatitanic acid ($H_ {2} TiO_ {3} $) precipitation, $TiOSO_ {4} + 2H_ {2} O = H_ {2} TiO_ {3}\ downarrow + H_ {2} SO_ {4} $. The precipitation is calcined to obtain titanium dioxide, $H_ {2} TiO_ {3}\ stackrel {high temperature }{=\!=\!=} {2} + H_ {2} O $TiO_. The obtained titanium dioxide is then reacted with chlorine gas and coke to produce titanium tetrachloride by the rutile chlorination method.
Or the natural rutile and artificial rutile are treated by chlorination method. These materials react directly with chlorine at high temperature and under the action of a catalyst to form titanium tetrachloride. In this process, precise control of reaction temperature, chlorine flow rate and other conditions is crucial, which is related to the yield and purity of titanium tetrachloride. The above preparation methods all need to be strictly operated and follow chemical principles to produce high-quality titanium tetrachloride.

Titanium tetrachloride is a highly corrosive chemical. When using it, many things must be paid attention to.
First, it is related to protective measures. Users must wear complete protective equipment, such as acid and alkali resistant protective clothing, protective gloves, protective glasses and gas masks. Because of its strong corrosiveness and irritation, if accidentally touched, it will cause serious burns to the skin, eyes and other parts; if inhaled, its volatile aerosol will also cause damage to the respiratory tract.
Second, environmental conditions are extremely critical. The place of use should be well ventilated, and it is best to have a strong ventilation device to quickly disperse the aerosol generated by titanium tetrachloride volatilization and prevent it from accumulating in the air. At the same time, the operation should be carried out in a specific fume hood, which can further ensure the safety of the operator and avoid the spread of aerosol outside the operation area.
Third, the access operation should be cautious. When opening the container containing titanium tetrachloride, the action must be gentle to prevent the container from being damaged and causing it to leak. During the access process, special utensils should be used, such as corrosion-resistant funnels, droppers, etc., and the container should be sealed immediately after access to prevent long-term contact with air and reaction.
Fourth, storage requirements should not be ignored. Titanium tetrachloride should be stored in a dry, cool and ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, and should be stored separately from alkalis, alcohols and other substances, and must not be mixed. Because it will react violently in contact with water and produce hydrogen chloride gas, the drying of the storage environment is crucial.
Fifth, emergency response must have a plan. In the event of a leak, personnel in the contaminated area should be quickly evacuated to a safe area, quarantined, and access strictly restricted. Emergency personnel must wear protective equipment and respirators, and do not let the leak come into contact with combustible substances. In the case of a small amount of leakage, it can be mixed with sand, dry lime or soda ash; in the case of a large amount of leakage, a dike should be built or a pit should be dug for containment, and relevant departments should be reported in a timely manner and handled by professionals.